嚎叫2010

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主演:詹姆斯·弗兰科,大卫·斯特雷泽恩,艾伦·特维特,玛丽-露易丝·帕克,杰夫·丹尼尔斯,乔恩·哈姆,亚历桑德罗·尼沃拉,特里特·威廉斯,托德·罗顿迪

类型:电影地区:美国语言:英语年份:2010

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 剧照

嚎叫2010 剧照 NO.1嚎叫2010 剧照 NO.2嚎叫2010 剧照 NO.3嚎叫2010 剧照 NO.4嚎叫2010 剧照 NO.5嚎叫2010 剧照 NO.6嚎叫2010 剧照 NO.13嚎叫2010 剧照 NO.14嚎叫2010 剧照 NO.15嚎叫2010 剧照 NO.16嚎叫2010 剧照 NO.17嚎叫2010 剧照 NO.18嚎叫2010 剧照 NO.19嚎叫2010 剧照 NO.20

 剧情介绍

嚎叫2010电影免费高清在线观看全集。
  本片是美国“垮掉派”诗人艾伦·金斯堡(詹姆斯·弗兰科 James Franco 饰)的传记片,片名《嚎叫》沿用了金斯堡的同名长诗。  艾伦·金斯堡,是美国战后“垮掉的一代”文学流派里的代表性诗人。他的代表作《嚎叫》出版后备受争议,其出版社甚至被起诉出售淫秽资料。金斯堡的父亲是个无名诗人,他的母亲后被送往精神病院。金斯堡是个同性恋者,他有过三段同性恋情,前两次都无疾而终,而第三段与彼得·奥莱斯基(艾伦·特维特 Aaron Tveit 饰)的恋爱,使他感到无比幸福,这段经历成为他的长诗《嚎叫》的部分灵感来源,而彼得成为了他的终身伴侣。  本片主要以法庭审判长诗《嚎叫》、金斯堡剖白自己、金斯堡在众人面前朗诵长诗这三个场景,来表现传主金斯堡50年代的生平经历以及他的思想,金斯堡的合作者、漫画家埃里克·杜克还会以动画形式来展示诗歌《嚎叫》的内容。焚情夜鼓一生何求女收藏家1967地狱花园父亲2019人人都爱雷蒙德第九季反贪风暴3粤语这个高中没有鬼太空救援我心狂野凶宅处理专员第二季刑警处容大唐小娘子第三季网聘女伴东方快车1996救命解药草房子豪门夜宴奇情快车猫眼神探之红莲富贵再三逼人X战警:逆转未来末法王座2017加油妈妈腾空之约奶奶强盗团深海圆疑1998回到火星发达之路无头苹果酒与罗西海洋之歌(普通话)蔡李佛拳国语窈窕教主保镖小姐与初恋先生傲骨贤妻第六季看了又看国语第三部傻子亨利史前巨兽贞子3D续集不想恋爱的千小姐梅赛德斯先生第一季青涩吸血鬼的烦恼爱莉安娜·格兰德:嗨,我爱你万里追踪

 长篇影评

 1 ) 在自己的生活中真实的表达自我

如果不是讲述Allen Ginsberg,如果不是Howl引发的讨论的内容和它打破的保守,如果不是Franco的表演,我也许会对片子的拍摄手法感到无趣和乏味。但是这些都存在,所以这是一部好片子。

动画的表现是亮点,很有新意和想象力。有人说,这是导演在绑架观众的判断,刻意的给出了如小学语文般的答案。但我在看的时候并没有这种感觉。对于诗,我还是在根据字面去做自己的理解——事实上,我不觉得有任何现代诗可以人为的给出一个解读让不同的人都全盘接受,一个人如果对一首诗投入兴趣和情感,那他一定有自己的解读。对于动画,我只是纯粹的欣赏。也许对于得出“绑架论”的人,“心有杂念,万物皆恶”可以作为一个“不那么恰当”的回答。

-------------------------
一些片段和琐碎。

(16' 37'' 这之前动画中“游动”的礼花很赞)
"The problem, when it comes to literature, is this: There are many writers who have preconceived ideas about what literature is supposed to be. But their ideas seem to preclude everything that makes them most interesting in casual conversation. Their faggishness, their solitude, their neuroses, their goofiness, their campiness, or, even their masculinity at times. Because they think that they're gonna write something that sounds like something else that they've read before, instead of sounds like them, or, comes from their own life."
“讲到文学,往往遇到这么个问题:很多作家对文学抱有先入为主的成见。但这种成见似乎会排斥日常生活对话中一切最有趣的内容。比如他们疲惫时的状态,他们内心的孤独,他们神经兮兮,疯疯癫癫,忸怩作态的举止,甚至是他们的大男子气概。因为他们觉得自己要写的内容,必须跟过往已有的作品相似,而不旨在表达自我,也并非源于生活。”
"We all talk amongst ourselves: We have a common understanding. We say anything we want to say. We talk about our assholes. We talk about our cocks. We talk about who we fucked last night, or, who we're gonna fuck tomorrow, or, what kind of love affair we're in, or... I mean, everyone tells one's friends about that, right? So, the question is, what happens when you make a distinction between what you tell your friends and what you tell your Muse. The trick is to break down that distinction, to approach your Muse as frankly as you would talk to yourself or to your friends. It's the ability to commit to writing, to write the same way that you are."

(45' 49'' Allen和Peter在一起的生活。复刻了经典的靠背而坐。幸福感。)
"It was when I met Peter that everything changed for me. It was as if the heavens showered with gold. Finally somebody loved me like I loved them. And for the first time, I felt accepted in my life, completely."

达达主义的流浪汉。

(66' 08'' ,,, 67' 57'')
"The battle of censorship will not be finally settled by your Honor's decision. But you will either add to liberal, educated thinking, or by your decision, you will add fuel to the fire of ignorance."
“这场关于审查的争斗,不会因法官大人的裁决尘埃落定。但您的裁决或许会引起人们自由博雅的思考,抑或由于您的裁决,给无知火上浇油。”


(69' 29'' 庭审判决)
"There are a number of words used in Howl that are presently considered coarse and vulgar in some circles of the community. And in other circles, such words are in everyday use. The author of Howl has used those words because he believed that his portrayal required them as being in character. The people state that such words are not necessary and that others would be more palatable for good taste."

"The answer is, that life is not encased in one fomula whereby everyone acts the same and conforms to a paticular pattern. No two persons think alike. We were all made from the same form but in different patterns. Would there be any freedoms of press or speech if one must reduce his vocabulary to vapid, innocuous euphemism? An author should be real in treating his subject, and be allowed to express his thoughts and ideas in his own words. In considering material claimed to be obscene, it is well to remember the motto 'Honi soit qui mal y pense' —— 'Evil to him who evil thinks'. The freedoms of speech and press are inherent in a nation of free people. These freedoms must be protected if we are to remain free, both individually and as a nation."
“我的回答是,生活不能套用一个人人都步调一致的或者符合特定模式的公式。没有哪两个人的思想是一致的。我们都以人的形式存在,但是形态又不尽相同。如果我们的词典被压缩到只剩乏味的、健康的婉辞的话,那还有什么出版和言论自由可言?作者在对待自己的作品时,应该可以自己选择措辞,来表达自己的想法。在考虑这本书是不是有伤风化时,最好谨记这句格言,‘心存邪念,万物皆恶’。言论与出版自由是一个由自由的人民组成的国家中必不可少的一部分,无论是作为个人还是国家,都必须捍卫这些自由。”

"Therefore, I conclude that the book Howl and Other Poems dose have some redeeming social importance, and I find the book is not obscene. The defendant is found not guilty."


(72' 46'')
"The poem is misinterpreted as a promotion of homosexsuality. Actually, it's more like a promotion of frankness, about my subject. If you're a foot fetishist, you write about feet. If you're a stock market freak, you can write about the rising sales curve erections of the Standard Oil Chart. When a few people are frank about homosexsuality in public, it breaks the ice. Then people are free to be frank about anything and that's socialy useful."
“这首诗被误读为是宣扬同性恋的作品,其实呢,更像是在宣扬一种坦然面对自我和与我相关的一切事物的态度。...当有一小部分人开始坦然的在公共场合谈论同性恋时,就打破了那层保守的坚冰,从此人们可以坦然的谈论任何事情。而这,是有社会价值的。”

"Homosexsuality is a condition, and because it alienated me or set me apart from the beginning, it served as a catalyst for self examination, or a detailed realization of my environment and the reasons why everyone else is different and, why I am different."
“同性恋是一种状态,由于这种状态从一开始就将我同‘正常’世界异化开来或者说让我与众不同,它像是成了我进行自我反省的催化剂,或者说,它形成了我对周遭环境的详尽的认识。它使我思考并意识到为何每个人都是与众不同的,以及我为何是与众不同的。”

-------------------
对很多人来说,判决的那场戏是自然的最高潮。法官的那席关于言论自由的表述绝对是令人赞同和引起共鸣的。
但对我来说,最大的高潮是上面的最后一个片段,因为它是关于个人的,关于每一个个体。不论你是不是同性恋,不论你从事什么样的职业,不论你在大众眼中是一个正当职业的普通人,还是一个追求个人理想的流浪汉,你都是与众不同的。而当你意识到这一点后,你会更好的去理解这个世界,去理解每一个别人。然后这个世界会变的更好。


最后,Allen Ginsberg演唱的动人的Father Death Blues:To the Beat Generation

Hey Father Death, I'm flying home
Hey,poor man, you're all alone
Hey,old daddy, I know where I'm going
Father Death, don't cry any more
Mama's there, underneath the floor
Brother Death, please mind the store
Old Auntie Death, I hear your groans
Old Uncle Death, I see your bones
Oh Sister Death, how sweet your moan
Oh Children Death, go breathe your breaths
Sobbing breasts'll ease your deaths
Pain is gone, tears take the rest
Genius Death, your art is done
Lover Death, your body's gone
Father Death, I'm coming home
Guru Death, your words are true
Teacher Death, I do thank you
For inspiring me to sing this blues
Buddha Death, I wake with you
Dharma Death, you mind is new
Sangha Death, we'll work it through
Suffering is what was born
Ignorance made me forlorn
Tearful truths I cannot scorn
Father breath, once more farewell
Birth you gave was no thing ill
My heart is still
As time will tell


Jack died in 1969 at the age of 47.
Neal Cassady died in 1968 at the age of 41 while traveling in Mexico. The cause of his death remains a mystery. His autobiographical novel, The First Third was published posthumously.
Peter Orlovsky and Allen Ginsberg remained life partners from the time they met until the end of Allen's life. Peter retired to a quiet life in the State of Vermont, where he died in 2010.
Allen Ginsberg would become one of the most celebrated poets of the 20th century. Allen died peacefully in 1997 at age 70.

 2 ) 《HOWL》如此真实地表达了细微个体生命的真实存在以及为不屈的灵魂提供了一个有意义地出口而不朽,从而影响了一个时代!

Howl ---Allen Ginsberg
I saw the best minds of my generation destroyed by madness, starving hysterical *,
dragging themselves through the negro streets at dawn looking for an angry fix,
angelheaded hipsters burning for the ancient heavenly connection to the starry dynamo in the machinery of night,
who poverty and tatters and hollow-eyed and high sat up smoking in the supernatural darkness of cold-water flats
floating across the tops of cities contemplating jazz,
who bared their brains to Heaven under the El and saw Mohammedan angels staggering on tene- ment roofs
illuminated,
who passed through universities with radiant cool eyes hallucinating Arkansas and Blake-light tragedy among the
scholars of war,
who were expelled from the academies for crazy & publishing obscene odes on the windows of the skull,
who cowered in unshaven rooms in underwear, burn- ing their money in wastebaskets and listening to the Terror
through the wall,
who got busted in their pubic beards returning through Laredo with a belt of marijuana for New York,
who ate fire in paint hotels or drank turpentine in Paradise Alley, death, or purgatoried their torsos night after night
with dreams, with drugs, with waking nightmares, al- cohol and cock and endless balls,
incomparable blind; streets of shuddering cloud and lightning in the mind leaping toward poles of Canada &
Paterson, illuminating all the mo- tionless world of Time between,
Peyote solidities of halls, backyard green tree cemetery dawns, wine drunkenness over the rooftops, storefront
boroughs of teahead joyride neon blinking traffic light, sun and moon and tree vibrations in the roaring winter dusks
of Brook- lyn, ashcan rantings and kind king light of mind,
who chained themselves to subways for the endless ride from Battery to holy Bronx on benzedrine until the noise of
wheels and children brought them down shuddering mouth-wracked and battered bleak of brain all drained of
brilliance in the drear light of Zoo,
who sank all night in submarine light of Bickford's floated out and sat through the stale beer after noon in desolate
Fugazzi's, listening to the crack of doom on the hydrogen jukebox,
who talked continuously seventy hours from park to pad to bar to Bellevue to museum to the Brook- lyn Bridge,
lost battalion of platonic conversationalists jumping down the stoops off fire escapes off windowsills off Empire State
out of the moon,
yacketayakking screaming vomiting whispering facts and memories and anecdotes and eyeball kicks and shocks of
hospitals and jails and wars,
whole intellects disgorged in total recall for seven days and nights with brilliant eyes, meat for the Synagogue cast on
the pavement,
who vanished into nowhere Zen New Jersey leaving a trail of ambiguous picture postcards of Atlantic City Hall,
suffering Eastern sweats and Tangerian bone-grind- ings and migraines of China under junk-with- drawal in
Newark's bleak furnished room,
who wandered around and around at midnight in the railroad yard wondering where to go, and went, leaving no
broken hearts,
who lit cigarettes in boxcars boxcars boxcars racketing through snow toward lonesome farms in grand- father night,
who studied Plotinus Poe St. John of the Cross telep- athy and bop kabbalah because the cosmos in- stinctively
vibrated at their feet in Kansas,
who loned it through the streets of Idaho seeking vis- ionary indian angels who were visionary indian angels,
who thought they were only mad when Baltimore gleamed in supernatural ecstasy,
who jumped in limousines with the Chinaman of Okla- homa on the impulse of winter midnight street light smalltown
rain,
who lounged hungry and lonesome through Houston seeking jazz or sex or soup, and followed the brilliant Spaniard
to converse about America and Eternity, a hopeless task, and so took ship to Africa,
who disappeared into the volcanoes of Mexico leaving behind nothing but the shadow of dungarees and the lava and
ash of poetry scattered in fire place Chicago,
who reappeared on the West Coast investigating the F.B.I. in beards and shorts with big pacifist eyes sexy in their
dark skin passing out incom- prehensible leaflets,
who burned cigarette holes in their arms protesting the narcotic tobacco haze of Capitalism,
who distributed Supercommunist pamphlets in Union Square weeping and undressing while the sirens of Los Alamos
wailed them down, and wailed down Wall, and the Staten Island ferry also wailed,
who broke down crying in white gymnasiums * and trembling before the machinery of other skeletons,
who bit detectives in the neck and shrieked with delight in policecars for committing no crime but their own wild
cooking pederasty and intoxication,
who howled on their knees in the subway and were dragged off the roof waving genitals and manu- scripts,
who let themselves be *ed in the ass by saintly motorcyclists, and screamed with joy,
who blew and were blown by those human seraphim, the sailors, caresses of Atlantic and Caribbean love,
who balled in the morning in the evenings in rose gardens and the grass of public parks and cemeteries scattering
their semen freely to whomever come who may,
who hiccuped endlessly trying to giggle but wound up with a sob behind a partition in a Turkish Bath when the blond
& * angel came to pierce them with a sword,
who lost their loveboys to the three old shrews of fate the one eyed shrew of the heterosexual dollar the one eyed
shrew that winks out of the womb and the one eyed shrew that does nothing but sit on her ass and snip the intellectual
golden threads of the craftsman's loom,
who copulated ecstatic and insatiate with a bottle of beer a sweetheart a package of cigarettes a can- dle and fell off
the bed, and continued along the floor and down the hall and ended fainting on the wall with a vision of ultimate cunt
and come eluding the last gyzym of consciousness,
who sweetened the snatches of a million girls trembling in the sunset, and were red eyed in the morning but prepared
to sweeten the snatch of the sun rise, flashing buttocks under barns and * in the lake,
who went out whoring through Colorado in myriad stolen night-cars, N.C., secret hero of these poems, cocksman and
Adonis of Denver-joy to the memory of his innumerable lays of girls in empty lots & diner backyards, moviehouses'
rickety rows, on mountaintops in caves or with gaunt waitresses in familiar roadside lonely pet- ticoat upliftings &
especially secret gas-station solipsisms of johns, & hometown alleys too,
who faded out in vast sordid movies, were shifted in dreams, woke on a sudden Manhattan, and picked themselves up
out of basements hung over with heartless Tokay and horrors of Third Avenue iron dreams & stumbled to unemploy-
ment offices,
who walked all night with their shoes full of blood on the snowbank docks waiting for a door in the East River to open
to a room full of steamheat and opium,
who created great suicidal dramas on the apartment cliff-banks of the Hudson under the wartime blue floodlight of
the moon & their heads shall be crowned with laurel in oblivion,
who ate the lamb stew of the imagination or digested the crab at the muddy bottom of the rivers of Bowery,
who wept at the romance of the streets with their pushcarts full of onions and bad music,
who sat in boxes breathing in the darkness under the bridge, and rose up to build harpsichords in their lofts,
who coughed on the sixth floor of Harlem crowned with flame under the tubercular sky surrounded by orange crates
of theology,
who scribbled all night rocking and rolling over lofty incantations which in the yellow morning were stanzas of
gibberish,
who cooked rotten animals lung heart feet tail borsht & tortillas dreaming of the pure vegetable kingdom,
who plunged themselves under meat trucks looking for an egg,
who threw their watches off the roof to cast their ballot for Eternity outside of Time, & alarm clocks fell on their
heads every day for the next decade,
who cut their wrists three times successively unsuccess- fully, gave up and were forced to open antique stores where
they thought they were growing old and cried,
who were burned alive in their innocent flannel suits on Madison Avenue amid blasts of leaden verse & the tanked-up
clatter of the iron regiments of fashion & the nitroglycerine shrieks of the fairies of advertising & the mustard gas of
sinis- ter intelligent editors, or were run down by the drunken taxicabs of Absolute Reality,
who jumped off the Brooklyn Bridge this actually hap- pened and walked away unknown and forgotten into the
ghostly daze of Chinatown soup alley ways & firetrucks, not even one free beer,
who sang out of their windows in despair, fell out of the subway window, jumped in the filthy Pas- saic, leaped on
negroes, cried all over the street, danced on broken wineglasses barefoot smashed phonograph records of nostalgic
European 1930s German jazz finished the whiskey and threw up groaning into the bloody toilet, moans in their ears
and the blast of colossal steam whistles,
who barreled down the highways of the past journeying to each other's hotrod-Golgotha jail-solitude watch or
Birmingham jazz incarnation,
who drove crosscountry seventytwo hours to find out if I had a vision or you had a vision or he had a vision to find
out Eternity,
who journeyed to Denver, who died in Denver, who came back to Denver & waited in vain, who watched over Denver
& brooded & loned in Denver and finally went away to find out the Time, & now Denver is lonesome for her heroes,
who fell on their knees in hopeless cathedrals praying for each other's salvation and light and breasts, until the soul
illuminated its hair for a second,
who crashed through their minds in jail waiting for impossible criminals with golden heads and the charm of reality in
their hearts who sang sweet blues to Alcatraz,
who retired to Mexico to cultivate a habit, or Rocky Mount to tender Buddha or Tangiers to boys or Southern Pacific
to the black locomotive or Harvard to Narcissus to Woodlawn to the daisychain or grave,
who demanded sanity trials accusing the radio of hyp notism & were left with their insanity & their hands & a hung
jury,
who threw potato salad at CCNY lecturers on Dadaism and subsequently presented themselves on the granite steps of
the madhouse with shaven heads and harlequin speech of suicide, demanding in- stantaneous lobotomy,
and who were given instead the concrete void of insulin Metrazol electricity hydrotherapy psycho- therapy
occupational therapy pingpong & amnesia,
who in humorless protest overturned only one symbolic pingpong table, resting briefly in catatonia,
returning years later truly bald except for a wig of blood, and tears and fingers, to the visible mad man doom of the
wards of the madtowns of the East,
Pilgrim State's Rockland's and Greystone's foetid halls, bickering with the echoes of the soul, rock- ing and rolling in
the midnight solitude-bench dolmen-realms of love, dream of life a night- mare, bodies turned to stone as heavy as the
moon,
with mother finally ******, and the last fantastic book flung out of the tenement window, and the last door closed at
4. A.M. and the last telephone slammed at the wall in reply and the last fur- nished room emptied down to the last
piece of mental furniture, a yellow paper rose twisted on a wire hanger in the closet, and even that imaginary, nothing
but a hopeful little bit of hallucination
ah, Carl, while you are not safe I am not safe, and now you're really in the total animal soup of time
and who therefore ran through the icy streets obsessed with a sudden flash of the alchemy of the use of the ellipse the
catalog the meter & the vibrat- ing plane,
who dreamt and made incarnate gaps in Time & Space through images juxtaposed, and trapped the archangel of the
soul between 2 visual images and joined the elemental verbs and set the noun and dash of consciousness together
jumping with sensation of Pater Omnipotens Aeterna Deus
to recreate the syntax and measure of poor human prose and stand before you speechless and intel- ligent and shaking
with shame, rejected yet con- fessing out the soul to conform to the rhythm of thought in his * and endless head,
the madman bum and angel beat in Time, unknown, yet putting down here what might be left to say in time come
after death,
and rose reincarnate in the ghostly clothes of jazz in the goldhorn shadow of the band and blew the suffering of
America's * mind for love into an eli eli lamma lamma sabacthani saxophone cry that shivered the cities down to
the last radio
with the absolute heart of the poem of life butchered out of their own bodies good to eat a thousand years.
II
What sphinx of cement and aluminum bashed open their skulls and ate up their brains and imagi- nation?
Moloch! Solitude! Filth! Ugliness! Ashcans and unob tainable dollars! Children screaming under the stairways! Boys
sobbing in armies! Old men weeping in the parks!
Moloch! Moloch! Nightmare of Moloch! Moloch the loveless! Mental Moloch! Moloch the heavy judger of men!
Moloch the incomprehensible prison! Moloch the crossbone soulless jailhouse and Congress of sorrows! Moloch whose
buildings are judgment! Moloch the vast stone of war! Moloch the stun- ned governments!
Moloch whose mind is pure machinery! Moloch whose blood is running money! Moloch whose fingers are ten armies!
Moloch whose breast is a canni- bal dynamo! Moloch whose ear is a smoking tomb!
Moloch whose eyes are a thousand blind windows! Moloch whose skyscrapers stand in the long streets like endless
Jehovahs! Moloch whose fac- tories dream and croak in the fog! Moloch whose smokestacks and antennae crown the
cities!
Moloch whose love is endless oil and stone! Moloch whose soul is electricity and banks! Moloch whose poverty is the
specter of genius! Moloch whose fate is a cloud of sexless hydrogen! Moloch whose name is the Mind!
Moloch in whom I sit lonely! Moloch in whom I dream Angels! Crazy in Moloch! Cock*er in Moloch! Lacklove and
manless in Moloch!
Moloch who entered my soul early! Moloch in whom I am a consciousness without a body! Moloch who frightened me
out of my natural ecstasy! Moloch whom I abandon! Wake up in Moloch! Light streaming out of the sky!
Moloch! Moloch! Robot apartments! invisible suburbs! skeleton treasuries! blind capitals! demonic industries! spectral
nations! invincible mad houses! granite cocks! monstrous bombs!
They broke their backs lifting Moloch to Heaven! Pave- ments, trees, radios, tons! lifting the city to Heaven which
exists and is everywhere about us!
Visions! omens! hallucinations! miracles! ecstasies! gone down the American river!
Dreams! adorations! illuminations! religions! the whole boatload of sensitive bullshit!
Breakthroughs! over the river! flips and crucifixions! gone down the flood! Highs! Epiphanies! De- spairs! Ten years'
animal screams and suicides! Minds! New loves! Mad generation! down on the rocks of Time!
Real holy laughter in the river! They saw it all! the wild eyes! the holy yells! They bade farewell! They jumped off the
roof! to solitude! waving! carrying flowers! Down to the river! into the street!
III
Carl Solomon! I'm with you in Rockland where you're madder than I am
I'm with you in Rockland where you must feel very strange
I'm with you in Rockland where you imitate the shade of my mother
I'm with you in Rockland where you've murdered your twelve secretaries
I'm with you in Rockland where you laugh at this invisible humor
I'm with you in Rockland where we are great writers on the same dreadful typewriter
I'm with you in Rockland where your condition has become serious and is reported on the radio
I'm with you in Rockland where the faculties of the skull no longer admit the worms of the senses
I'm with you in Rockland where you drink the tea of the breasts of the spinsters of Utica
I'm with you in Rockland where you pun on the bodies of your nurses the harpies of the Bronx
I'm with you in Rockland where you scream in a straightjacket that you're losing the game of the actual pingpong of
the abyss
I'm with you in Rockland where you bang on the catatonic piano the soul is innocent and immortal it should never die
ungodly in an armed madhouse
I'm with you in Rockland where fifty more shocks will never return your soul to its body again from its pilgrimage to a
cross in the void
I'm with you in Rockland where you accuse your doctors of insanity and plot the Hebrew socialist revolution against
the fascist national Golgotha
I'm with you in Rockland where you will split the heavens of Long Island and resurrect your living human Jesus from
the superhuman tomb
I'm with you in Rockland where there are twenty-five-thousand mad com- rades all together singing the final stanzas
of the Internationale
I'm with you in Rockland where we hug and kiss the United States under our bedsheets the United States that coughs
all night and won't let us sleep
I'm with you in Rockland where we wake up electrified out of the coma by our own souls' airplanes roaring over the
roof they've come to drop angelic bombs the hospital illuminates itself imaginary walls col- lapse O skinny legions run
outside O starry spangled shock of mercy the eternal war is here O victory forget your underwear we're free
I'm with you in Rockland in my dreams you walk dripping from a sea- journey on the highway across America in tears
to the door of my cottage in the Western night

对于我浅薄的阅读经验来说,《HOWL》无疑是一种全面的颠覆。因为我从来没有在一种正式的文学范本中看到这么多对性、吸毒、荒诞体验的肯定。
对于有着强大惯性的平庸日常而言,《HOWL》更是一种异质的声音:充满了愤怒、轻蔑、反叛和——癫狂!
我不得不应用这样一种体制的称谓对《HOWL》进行介定:垮掉!但我同时感到了这个词的无力。
鲁迅先生说:“当我沉默的时候,我觉得充实;我将开口,同时感到空虚。”
《HOWL》给予我的震憾恰恰如此!
《HOWL》的开篇这样写道:
I saw the best minds of my generation destroyed by madness,
starving hysterical *,
dragging themselves through the Negro streets at dawn look-
ing for an angry fix,
angelheaded hipsters burning for the ancient heavenly con-
nection to the starring dynamo in the
machinery of night ……
《HOWL》发表之初,在美国得到的更多是谴责。批评者认为《HOWL》是一个淫荡和不道德的作品。认为诗中描叙地“the best minds of my generation”不过是一群吸毒者、毒贩子、窃贼、酒鬼、滥交者、*者等社会渣滓;而GINSBERG的诗歌实际是吸毒产生幻觉发出的呓语,充其量是一种疯狂的自白。对于诗中的反叛精神,批评者则认为是企图以吸毒、滥交、*、流浪、犯罪来取代和谐的社会轶序和优良的传统道德观。
就像一枚金币的正面和反面,在《HOWL》对主流、社会、文化和体制的反对上,当时的赞同者也和反对者达成了惊人的共识。赞同者认为GINSBERG是一个“城市惠特曼”(urban whitman),诗中描写的性欲、吸毒、酗酒、闹事等等“劣迹”不仅是用反传统、反价值的方式向压抑人性、*自由的社会提出最强烈的抗议,也是用一种“新的身体语言”来唤醒“全体美国人民的潜意识”。
后来《HOWL》因此获罪,出版商和GINSBERG都被起诉。虽然最终被判定无罪,GINSBERG也因此一举成名。但时至今日,《HOWL》仍逃脱不了被人奉为意识形态斗争工具的命运!
而《HOWL》对存在的追问、焦虑;对所谓价值的否定,疑惑;对个人生存体验的肯定和认同却鲜有人提及甚至被逐渐遗忘!
也许日后功成名就的GINSBERG也在各种光环的掩映下逐渐失去了做为一个伟大诗人的部分勇气吧!一直以来,我总以为无论是GINSBERG后来的《加利福尼亚超市》还是他的诗集《kaddish and other poems》、《Empty mirror》等等都无法超越《HOWL》。
《加利福尼亚超市》虽然在形式上与《HOWL》有相似之处,但在语言的张力以及内容的震憾性上,似乎比《HOWL》弱很多。尽管有评论认为Gingsberg在《加利福尼亚超市》中表达了对美国自惠特曼时代以来物质极大丰裕和精神极度贫穷的悲叹,但我觉得《加利福利亚超市》在一系列感叹和疑问的形式下,比之《HOWL》少了不知多少才情和迷狂!
也许《哀悼祈祷文》是GINSBERG后期唯一可以接近《HOWL》天才绝唱的诗歌吧。我手头关于GINSBERG的评论资料中有这么一段话:《哀悼祈祷文》是“一个痛苦的呐喊,一个回忆的呼喊,一个爱的呼唤,也许是垮掉派最优秀的诗作”。虽然最后一句让人恶心,但也确实部分的道出了《哀悼祈祷文》之所以优秀的原因。
但只有《HOWL》真正让GINSBERG成为了那个狂放的、大胆的、不羁的GINSBERG!
在《HOWL》的序言中,这个天才而迷狂的GINSBERG写道:
“抓紧你们的裙子,女士们,我们开始下地狱啦。”
多年以来,这句话被反复引用,并一再被注解为:GINSBERG在诗中描写的地狱就是美国。
一个富含巨大张力的象征从此肢解,变得实际而功利。整个《HOWL》也开始被噩梦般的误读:存在的焦虑不见了,对价值的否定不见了;对生和死的追问反思,对个人极致体验的肯定认同统统化归为一个平淡而实用的目标,即对一种邪恶社会体制的嘲讽。
不知道GINSBERG有没有看过萨特的话剧《间隔》,并在其中受到启发,创造了自己的隐喻?:三个死去的人被打入地狱,但这个地狱与神话中描绘的全不一样,只是一个出不去的房间。这三个人,一个男人是报社记者、胆小鬼加尔森,两个女人分别是*者伊内丝,**、杀婴犯艾丝黛尔。他们无法避免互相冲突,互相折磨,发现自己总处在他人的注视之下,他人就是地狱。
当他在《HOWL》中真实记录了自己以及凯鲁亚特、巴勒斯、沆克、卡萨迪、所罗门的生活,并悲叹他这“一代人的精英”,却“被一种疯狂毁灭”,沦为流浪汉、瘾君子、边缘人和“垮掉的一代”时,不知道他心中的愤怒和轻蔑是否也和地狱一样无可比拟地深?
当molock凶神无所不在时,年轻的GINSBERG是否也充满了绝望呢?
也许一切都是猜测。因为真正的诗就是不能确切可指的。当我在第三节读到这样的诗句:
Carl Solomon! I’m wish you in Rackland
Where you’re madder than I am
I’m with you in Rockland
Where you must fell very strange
I’m with you in Rockland
Where you imitate the shade of my mother
I’m with you in Rockland
Where you’re murdered your twelve secretaries
……
GINSBERG 对所有叛逆斗士/牺牲者/献祭者的爱意和怜惜通过给Carl Solomon的这些语感像冰雹一样密集的诗句一下子击中了我。
也许凯鲁亚克(Jack kerouac)才是知悉青年GINSBERG伟大心灵的第一人。当1955年旅居墨西哥的凯鲁亚克收到GINSBERG寄来的长诗将此诗题名“howl”时,也许他已深深感到诗中所表达的所有思想与情感全都发自人类的心灵深处。
让我们简单回顾一下Allen Ginsberg不凡的生平:
ALLEN GINSBERG,出生于新泽西州的诺瓦克市佩特逊镇。父亲路易.金斯堡是一位中学英语教师,也是当地小有名气的诗人;母亲诺米.莱维.金斯堡曾是美**员和激进左翼组织的成员,还在金斯堡的孩提时代,就因美国政府对*人的残酷*得了精神恐惧症,住进精神病院,直至去世。母亲的不幸遭遇在金斯堡幼小的心灵里留下了巨大的创伤,并极大地影响着他后来的生活与创作。
1943年金斯堡进入纽约哥伦比亚大学,在莱昂内尔.屈林等著名文学教授影响下开始对文学发生浓厚兴趣。1945年金斯堡应征入伍,但很快因第二次世界大战结束而退伍,并重回哥伦比亚大学,同时开始练习写作。1947年1月金斯堡结识了尼尔.卡萨迪,一位对“垮掉的一代”产生重要影响的人物。两人随即发生*关系;不久他又认识了毒贩子赫伯特.沆克,从此麻烦不断。1949年4月22日沆克因涉嫌偷盗而被捕入狱,并判刑五年。金斯堡也因窝赃同谋一同被捕,后以精神障碍为由进哥伦比亚精神病院治疗。在精神病院他结识了同为病人的卡尔.所罗门。在金斯堡眼里,所罗门是一个“疯圣”,其怪诞的行为表达了对理性社会的反叛和对人类苦难的洞察。1955年10月金斯堡在旧金山的“六号美术馆”举办了一次诗歌朗诵会,并在会上朗诵了《HOWL》一诗。第二年,旧金山的“城市之光”出版社发表了诗集《Howl and Other poems》,金斯堡一举成名。
也许《HOWL》的题献者Carl Solomon只不过是Ginsberg心中所有洞察人类生存苦难的反叛者——包括Ginsberg本人——的缩影吧!
Ginsberg因《HOWL》而伟大,《HOWL》也因如此真实地表达了细微个体生命的真实存在以及为不屈的灵魂提供了一个有意义地出口而不朽,从而影响了一个时代!
在拙文的结尾,我其实更愿意用《HOWL》序言中的那句话做个了结:“抓紧你们的裙子,女士们,我们开始下地狱啦!”

 3 ) 嚎叫HOWL——《嚎叫》以及艾伦·金斯堡

他是现代的沃特·惠特曼,他听到美国的歌唱、诅咒、咆哮与日趋疯狂;他为自己的一切本性高唱赞歌:有趣的、粗鲁的、骇人的、睿智的、同性恋的;他鼓吹爱与和平、在大麻的烟雾中像个佛陀一般打坐;LSD、写作、爵士乐、或者在什么地方与陌生人打上一炮,是他欢喜与乐趣的来源;他是冷战时代人类反抗抑郁的具象化身、咆哮的云游诗人,他会毫不吝啬的将毛茸茸柔软的肚皮袒露于敌人的“炮火”之下;他是诗歌不再畅销的时代最流行的诗人、战后先锋派艺术家最典型的代表、一个来自伊甸园的同性恋版亚当。他是艾伦·金斯堡、垮掉派诗人。



很难想象,艾伦·金斯堡竟然与我们曾经生活在同一个时代,如此之切近(他甚至多次来访中国,写下诸如《一天早上,我在中国散步》、《读白居易抒怀》等诗作),加上他健健康康活到了70岁的高龄——或许在人们心中,凯鲁亚克式的早夭于路上才是垮掉派应该的归宿——更让他成为一个文化古迹式的人物,却又由于太过熟悉而难以将之供奉于不朽偶像的行列、或因诗歌的晦涩难以让大众有窥其人全貌的冲动。(虽然金斯堡于1997年去世)对于美国人来说,他们好似昨天才看到他对波斯湾战争发表演说、他与摇滚明星同台亮相,一种陌生与熟悉交织的违和感,就好像谁都能念叨上几句“我看见这一代最杰出的头脑毁于疯狂”,却少有人真正理解金斯堡那狂诞想象力。

 

所以之前并没有哪位导演企图将《嚎叫》与艾伦·金斯堡的故事搬上银幕,垮掉派运动、诗歌、金斯堡其人、他的政治文学主张、他的爱情、他与杰克·凯鲁亚克等人的关系以及对流行文化的巨大影响……琐碎而庞杂,任何一个主题都可以单扯出来写成一部厚厚研究论文。但曾因纪录片《哈维·米尔克的时代》而获得奥斯卡最佳纪录片奖的罗伯·爱泼斯坦与杰弗瑞·弗里德曼却敢于做吃螃蟹的第一人。

 

这部以金斯堡最著名长诗《嚎叫》命名的电影,是罗伯·爱泼斯坦与杰弗瑞·弗里德曼的剧情处女作。他们并没有选择以传统的人物传记片模式来构建故事,影片到像是一部松散的纪录片(几乎其中的每个单词都是有确凿历史依据的)与动画诗朗诵的奇怪混合物。《嚎叫》由三部分交织构成:因出版《嚎叫及其他诗歌》而被以淫秽罪起诉的发行商劳伦·弗林盖蒂在法庭上的辩护;金斯堡在1957年接受记者的采访;他在叫咖啡馆首度朗诵《嚎叫》,辅以Eric Drooker绘制的动画版《嚎叫》。其间还穿插了金斯堡早年的生活经历等等琐事。

 

印象派的写意手法十分讨巧,也颇有些以小见大之意,甚至避免了二位导演叙事能力的不足。将种种难以在剧情中展开的内容——他的童年、被送入精神病院的母亲、他对美国社会的不公的看法——一股脑用自白式的对话展示出来。但对于金斯堡这样一位复杂的人物如此这般浅尝辄止的直白描述,未免有隔靴搔痒之感。更重要的是,彻底忽略了他人格真正的含义,只单纯将其看作天生无畏、捍卫性爱言论自由的卫士。

 

影片中大段的法庭辩论戏也是如此,除了嘲笑审查制度与保守势力的无知与大惊小怪,它并没有解释《嚎叫》真正的含义,甚至连这场审判将在50年代的美国引起怎样的波澜也未有涉及。一份缺乏戏剧性的历史普及教材。

 

最令人诟病的是对长诗《嚎叫》的动画处理。一点上,影片所作的和控方的律师没什么区别,真诚而急切的想弄清《嚎叫》究竟讲述的是什么,到最后却只能是徒劳的、仅仅盯住了那些“醒目”的字眼——阳具或者性交。所以我们看到:打字机爆炸喷射出火焰;赤裸的人体翻滚、交媾、飞过城市的上空;摩天大楼的剪影竖立在阴森的橘黄色的天空之下。好像大学生文学课业论文般幼稚、逐字逐句的图解诗歌成为影片灾难性的时刻。虽然我们听到劳伦·弗林盖蒂在法庭辩护时一再强调“如果诗歌可以明白的解释那就不是诗歌了”,但显然,Eric Drooker在制作动画的时轻易消解了《嚎叫》的复杂意义(显然影片做得还不如艾伦·帕克的《迷墙》,我衷心期望漫画家罗伯特·克鲁格有机会能尝试一下这个题材)。

 

好在,我们还有詹姆斯·弗兰科,即使艾伦·金斯堡从来没像他那么可爱。他的表演游走于严肃与狡猾之间(就如金斯堡本人),大胆与羞怯、他独有的暧昧笑意与闪光的风趣幽默并存,狂喜的灵魂掩盖在拘谨的外表下,诚恳且富于节奏感的表演——让你彻底忘记了他那被媒体过度曝光的明星身份(不过因为《嚎叫》本身评价不算出色,所以可以理解弗兰科今年是以《127小时》而获得奥斯卡影帝提名)。

 

《嚎叫》并没有像很多人物传记片那样多愁善感,却走向了另一个将人物抽干、符号化的极端。但这尝试虽笨拙,却真诚。如果你看完了电影激起了对金斯堡,这位伟大诗人、疯狂狡猾的老头的兴趣,那么不妨看下去,让我们以另一种方式来讲述他的故事。

 

她孤独地在长岛写最后一封信——于是她的
幻觉与窗户阳光相联系
“钥匙在窗上的阳光里在柜里在窗上的阳光里。”

——《卡迪什》

 

欧文·艾伦·金斯堡1926年7月3日出生于新泽西纽瓦克帕特逊市一个犹太裔家庭。父亲路易斯·金斯堡是位中学教师,热爱文学,偶尔写诗。母亲娜奥米是俄国移民的后裔、热情的马克思主义者。“他们是过时的哲学家,”金斯堡后来回忆他的父母说道,“我父亲会围着房子绕圈背诵艾米丽·迪金森的作品,或者攻击艾略特的‘反启蒙主义’毁掉了诗歌;我的母亲给我讲述的睡前故事总是这样的,好心的国王离开他的城堡,解放了受苦的工人。”

 

从金斯堡的幼年开始,母亲娜奥米的偏执症就不断发作,出现被秘密警察迫害的幻觉,有时企图自杀。她进进出出精神病院,一次一住就是3年。后来,金斯堡签下了脑叶切除术的授权。1956年,他收到了母亲写来的一封信,“钥匙在窗台上,钥匙在窗台的阳光里,我有钥匙,结婚吧,艾伦,不要吸毒。爱你,母亲。”两天之后,娜奥米去世。金斯堡写下著名长诗《卡迪什》纪念母亲。

 

比尔·摩根在金斯堡的传记《我赞美我自己》中说,金斯堡周围总是围绕着一群陷于麻烦的朋友,他无私的帮助他们是出于一种对母亲的补偿心理。

 

金斯堡的少年时代不免压抑,“我担心我对性事、音乐、宇宙/的感知让人察觉/受到嘲笑、被黑人孩子痛打一顿。”另一方面,他在日记中口气夸张的宣称,“开始写作(我想)是为了满足我的自负”,那时候他才14岁。

 

命中注定你会摔断腿
可仍继续驱车奔驰在平原上

——《绿色的汽车》

 

1943年秋天,艾伦·金斯堡来到哥伦比亚大学时,他还只是一个从新泽西来的害羞、笨拙的犹太男孩,穿着保守的衬衣,鼻梁上厚厚的眼镜将他那黑眼睛中大胆与不安的神情放大,这让他看起来有点像是年轻时候的弗·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德(《了不起的盖茨比》的作者)。只不过,菲茨杰拉德这可怜的小伙追求的是如何举止像个有钱人;而金斯堡在他低调而恭顺的外表下,渴望的是找到一种让生活疯狂起来的方法。

 

同年12月,他先后结识了威廉·巴勒斯、杰克·凯鲁亚克、卢西恩·卡尔等人。随后是1946年、携16岁的妻子露安娜游荡到此的“丹佛的淫棍与阿多尼斯”尼尔·卡萨迪。这个有着街头智慧、说谎上瘾、性欲贪得无厌的家伙,向这些小知识分子们展示了何谓真正的“垮掉派”生活(虽然那时候还没有这个字眼)。他们是金斯堡的启蒙导师,文学与性爱上。

 

1949年,金斯堡从哥伦比亚大学毕业。他在纽约一边写诗,一边从事着各种工作,洗碗工、撰稿人、市场调查员。后来受人牵连,他在精神病院蹲了8个月,并认识了卡尔·所罗门。1954年,他口袋里装着6个月的失业救济金前往旧金山。

 

我看见这一代最杰出的头脑毁于疯狂

——《嚎叫》

 

1955年10月7日,艾伦·金斯堡在旧金山六画廊朗读了《嚎叫》。这是献给卡尔·所罗门——一个“疯狂的圣人”、有着强烈自虐倾向的天才——以及他在精神病院遭受的种种折磨的。

 

《嚎叫》分为三个章节,金斯堡说,“第一部分是在一个下午鬼使神差在打字机上写成的,任凭具有抽象诗歌美的凌乱的句子,无意义的想象在头脑中奔泻、相互联结,犹如卓别林摇摇晃晃的行走……深沉悲哀但不乏喜剧因素”,“哀悼羔羊一样的美国青年”。金斯堡在仙人掌致幻剂的作用下写下第二部分,关于工业文明的“神”——摩洛克,从《圣经》中《利未记》引申而来、弗朗茨·朗的《大都会》中吞噬工人的神祗,“为折磨羔羊的怪物命名。”第三部分金斯堡对卡尔·所罗门直接呐喊,以“我同你一起在罗克兰(精神病院)”开端的长长的排比,在幻觉中,摩洛克被战胜,“陈述羔羊的荣耀”。意犹未尽中,一种类似性爱的亢奋与狂喜席卷了诗人,“神圣!”他不断重复,“世界神圣、灵魂神圣、肌肤神圣……万物皆神圣!”

 

这是垮掉派运动中最重要的一幕,“人群在惊愕中欢呼,我们知道最深层的桎梏已经被打破,人类的声音与身体开始撞击着美国的围墙”。诗集被印成小册子疯狂在旧金山的先锋艺术青年圈子流传。讽刺的是,《嚎叫》后来之所以将影响了波及到整个美国社会,全赖一位海关税收员将诗集视为淫秽物品予以没收、引来了那张著名的官司。

 

从此开始,“没人知道将要发生什么,没人真正拥有自制力。美国正精神紧张的崩溃……因此,得意、绝望、预言、紧张、自杀与秘密,公众在诗歌的城市中快活着。”金斯堡说道,“那是个永恒的时候,以后再也不会有人对永恒充满乡愁。”

 

我想象一个永恒的小伙子
漫步在旧金山街头
英俊潇洒,在酒吧同我相遇
并且对我钟情

——《给》

 

1957年,法国,冬天。由于《嚎叫》的出版引发的种种非议,艾伦·金斯堡与彼得·奥尔洛夫斯基搬到了巴黎。这天,他们与摄影师朋友哈罗德·查普曼在巴黎圣日耳曼德佩区闲逛,金斯堡脸上一直美好的笑容,他期盼着未来、将要做的旅行和将要写的诗歌,而奥尔洛夫斯基看起来有点不安。他们走到一张长椅边,背靠背的坐下,哈罗德·查普曼拍下了那张著名的照片。

 

艾伦·金斯堡与彼得·奥尔洛夫斯基相识于1954年12月,那时奥尔洛夫斯基21岁,刚刚从军队退役、在旧金山当模特。据说,当金斯堡第一次看到Robert LaVigne所画的奥尔洛夫斯基的肖像时,就爱上了他。

 

他们很快搬到了一起,2年不到,《嚎叫及其他诗歌》出版,他们从巴黎周游北美、再到印度,一起冥思、参悟东方哲学。艾伦·金斯堡与彼得·奥尔洛夫斯基从不避讳在公开场合谈论这段他们视之为“婚姻”的关系,对美国的公众来说,这无异于一次令人瞠目结舌的启蒙。他们当中的很多人首次意识到,两个同性竟然也可以拥有所谓的婚姻。

 

两个人在一起的40年,直到死亡将他们分开,但其实日子过得并不算平坦。他们都各自拥有其他的伴侣、奥尔洛夫斯基也并不是个纯粹的同性恋。金斯堡一直无条件支持奥尔洛夫斯基写诗,他的诗集《干净屁眼的诗与微笑蔬菜的歌》于1977年出版,被称为坦率、天真的质朴、带着局外人的洞察力,但对奥尔洛夫斯基来说,声名之下,生活却慢慢开始滑向艰难与抑郁的境地。80年代,带有家族遗传性质的酗酒与药物成瘾问题已经严重侵蚀着他的生活,其后的日子里,他不得不周旋于精神病理疗机构、佛教徒的静思地或者金斯堡令人窒息性的爱情之间。

 

“今夜,我站在天使街的码头,突然想告诉你,我觉得你是多么神奇。”
——凯鲁亚克1950年写给金斯堡的书信

 

他们是所谓真正的“Soulmate”,从二人之间厚厚的长达20年的书信来往就可见一斑。那始于1944年,金斯堡19岁、凯鲁亚克22岁,因为涉嫌销毁谋杀证据,凯鲁亚克正被关在布朗克斯区的监狱里。他们之间的信件有时候是好玩、温柔、家常式的闲聊与互相的鼓励,有时候则冗长、散漫、充斥着幻想以及旁人不能理解的“自发式”写作风格,晦涩难解。在最美好的4、50年代,他们一起旅行,从纽约到加州到墨西哥,1957年去看望丹吉尔的威廉·巴勒斯、遇见画家弗朗西斯·培根……

 

不过这段友谊没能完美的收场,虽然金斯堡一直在努力维持。部分由于金斯堡被众人奉作垮掉派的领袖,当然,杰克·凯鲁亚克从来就不喜欢这个划分:“我不是垮掉派,我是天主教徒”,他曾说。而随着名声渐起,凯鲁亚克的酗酒已经到了毫无节制的程度,写作彻底被酒精带来的眩晕感肢解,他与金斯堡的书信往来也从此变得零星。60年代,在金斯堡忙碌投身于他嬉皮士精神导师的事业时,凯鲁亚克选择了退却进自己的小天地,他回到奥兰多的母亲身边,“我不想再需要那些发疯的夜晚……我从这个世界退休了,现在我要回到山中的小棚屋,让自己消失在木头中间。”当然,最重要的是凯鲁亚克从来都是个保守派、“共和党人”,随着二人政治上的分歧日趋严重,凯鲁亚克开始彻底规避金斯堡、甚至从犹太血统上诋毁他;1968年,凯鲁亚克最后一次在公众场合露面,浮肿且醉醺醺的他在《火线(Firing Line)》节目主持人的诱导下大谈越战与反犹的蠢话;一年之后,也就是1969年10月21日,凯鲁亚克死于肝硬化并发症,47岁。金斯堡写下长篇挽诗《记忆花园》悼念。

 

我想成为美国最杰出的人……
把钱分给穷困的诗人营养这大地上有想象力的天才们
在爵士乐的咆哮中静静坐下用一支自来水笔写诗
在活过48岁之后不再惧怕上帝或死神

——《自我忏悔》

 

运动夹克、宽松的长裤、衬衣以及从二手商店淘来的领带,金斯堡打扮得好像半个“纽约客”。从1975年开始,他就住在月租260美元的曼哈顿下东区的公寓里,桌椅设施陈旧,甚至不知道什么原因厨房水槽竟然被安在起居室里。更可怕的是这儿没有门铃,如果你想拜访金斯堡,请在街上大喊,然后他会把钥匙给你扔下来。加之一群未成名艺术青年经常在此地乱窜,公寓总是被搞得无比脏乱。(去年,随着彼得·奥尔洛夫斯基的去世,公寓被再度出租,不过由于东区早已变成了高端的中产聚居地,房屋的租金也水涨船高到了1750美元)。

 

虽然从70年代开始,金斯堡无政府主义倾向就已日趋减弱,但他从来没有放弃将美国按他乌托邦式的理想重塑的可能,作为社会活动家更将目光伸向更远的领域。他与鲍勃·迪伦合作,将诗与音乐融合(鲍勃·迪伦与披头士的影响下,金斯堡曾怀疑诗歌是否是触动读者最好的方式);在世界各地游走、讲演,推动民权运动、参与反战游行,甚至为此多次入狱。还有教育年轻人、那始终都是他热爱事业。金斯堡曾在布鲁克林学院执教10年,并且积极投身圣马可教堂的诗歌计划,参与创办纳诺帕大学并教授佛教诗歌。但“艾伦相信他最好的教学是在床上”,金斯堡的传记作者比尔·摩根不忘调侃。

 

是的,怎么能忘了这一部分?即使是晚年,金斯堡这疯狂的老头也在“毫不知羞耻的追求享乐”。1986年,在那首名为《括约肌》的诗中,他热烈的赞扬自己“强韧、肌肉发达”的肛门,尽管艾滋与“偶尔的痔疮”,它依然“积极、热切的接受阴茎、可乐瓶子/蜡烛、胡萝卜/香蕉&手指。”

 

艾伦·金斯堡从不富有。虽然诗歌只是其收入的一部分,他的日记、散文、书信都等等是出版商们的抢手项目(他还曾为GAP的卡其裤做过电视广告,酬劳2万美元)。即使如此,起码在80年代,金斯堡的年收入从未超过4万美元。“我有一些钱和权力,”他说,“但我知道,我不会拥有它们很长时间。”

 

早晨在中央公园打打太极拳(据他说,这对睾丸和肝脏的健康有好处),或者在住所下面的餐馆、书店或干洗店来来回回,没有人意识到这个大胡子戴眼镜的老头竟是个名人。

 

我死后,
我不在乎怎样处置我的尸体,
把骨灰抛向天堂,部分扔进东河
把骨灰盒埋在新泽西伊丽莎白犹太墓地
不过,我希望举行一次盛大的葬礼

——《死亡与荣誉》

 

1997年4月5日,艾伦·金斯堡因肝癌去世,70岁。据说,得知自己患病时,他异常平静,但不时悄悄哭泣,他打电话给所有的朋友,告知自己将不久于人世。并写下《死亡与荣誉》等最后的作品。

 

4月12日,在他经常出没的纽约下东区的圣马可教堂里,上千名他的朋友、他的拥戴者聚集起来纪念这位伟大的诗人、仁慈聪慧的朋友——Lou Reed、Patti Smith、Sonic Youth乐队的Lee Ranaldo、诗人Amiri Baraka……Patti Smith唱起Hank Williams的经典布鲁斯歌曲《I’m So Lonesome I Could Cry》,她说金斯堡是她的榜样,她将永远追随他。

 

TIPS:

1.在鲍勃·迪伦的传记片《我不在那》中喜剧演员大卫·克罗斯扮演了金斯堡。

2.09年《综艺》曾报道John Krokida要拍一部名为《亲爱的杀死你》的电影,讲述卢西恩·卡尔当年著名的杀人案,杰西·艾森伯格将出演金斯堡、“美国队长”克里斯·伊文思饰凯鲁亚克、本·威士肖饰卡尔。可惜再无下文。

3.垮掉派另一部名作《在路上》也被搬上银幕,影片由《中央车站》的导演沃尔特·塞勒斯执导、萨姆·赖利、克里斯汀·斯图尔特、维果·莫特森主演。

(《环球银幕》)

 

(《环球银幕》)

 4 ) 了解

了解金斯堡、了解《嚎叫》的好途径,好教科书。
但电影拍的真是一般。
结构很碎,幸亏有那场审判的戏——这条线串着,否则更没法看了。
没拍出灵性——像《闪亮的风采》那种艺术家应具有的鲜活的东西,表演僵硬。
动画部分偷了很多艾伦、帕克《迷墙》的灵感,作为文化人偷人家的思想、没原创是件悲哀的事。
电影中文字幕翻译的还不错,这对了解金斯堡、跨掉的一代及五十年代末的美国思想、文化、社会背景有益。

 5 ) 关于淫秽的法庭辩论却成为文学批评

电影《嚎叫》(Howl)的故事发生在一个跟今天非常不同的时代,那个时候用白炽灯泡。1955年,旧金山的一间小咖啡馆里,年轻诗人艾伦·金斯伯格(James Franco扮演)正准备戴上眼镜,给围坐着的一群听众诵读他的长诗《嚎叫》。镜头中三个曝光充分的白炽灯泡特别亮眼,摄影机还有意推到其中一个的特写,仿佛存心提醒观众,电影表现的那个时候还没有节能灯。我的思路略有些出轨,如果将圆球状的白炽灯替换成今天盘管状的节能灯,视觉效果将会怎样?技术进步让我们原本熟悉的、再平常不过的物件逐渐成为怀旧的对象,只因为它们正在走进历史。金斯伯格由“我看见这一代最杰出的头脑毁于疯狂,挨着饿歇斯底里浑身赤裸…”开始朗诵,观众很快进入如醉如痴的境界。换成今天,我们只有在YouTube、土豆网上看小猫弹琴、小狗跳舞的时候才会露出同样的表情。

咖啡馆里诵读长诗是这部电影的四个场景之一。几年以后金斯伯格接受录音采访、回忆《嚎叫》的创作过程为第二场景,其间时光的流逝显而易见:画面由黑白转换为彩色,金斯伯格原本光洁的脸上长出了络腮胡。第三场景很简单,诗人在一架老式的黑色打字机前奋力敲击,《嚎叫》一个字一个字地蹦到纸上。第四处场景安排在法庭,《嚎叫》的出版商、旧金山“城市之光”书店遭到起诉,罪名为传播淫秽内容,金斯伯格的长诗中有很多毫不隐讳的描写,对象是跟生孩子有关的器官及这些器官从事的跟生孩子无关的行为。这起官司后来成为阐释美国宪法第一修正案的知名案例。另外,电影还将《嚎叫》全诗完整地转换成三维动画,篇幅高达全片的四分之一左右。

将小说改编成电影的例子很多,将诗歌改编成电影这是我第一次见到。两位导演Rob Epstein和Jeffrey Friedman曾经拿过奥斯卡的最佳纪录片奖,他们拍起剧情片来也用不着太多虚构。旧金山地方法庭内的几场戏中,控辩双方的唇枪舌剑,一连串证人的陈述、检察官和辩护律师对证人的交叉质询和法官的判决全都直接取自1957年的法庭记录。我意外地发现,审理的过程竟然与文学批评神似,看电影的过程也就是了解《嚎叫》的主题、创作手法和文学价值的过程。

几位证人分别从各自的角度阐释了对诗歌的理解,第一个登场的是位文学女青年Gail Potter,她曾经在当地电视台负责教育节目。Gail介绍自己文学创作经历的时候说,“我重新写过《浮士德》,共40遍。”法庭内传来一阵哄笑。虽说Gail的写作成绩谈不上突出,但她开展批评的时候仍然头头是道。她认为《嚎叫》没有文学价值,从形式、风格、清晰程度等各个方面来评价都是如此,语言也过于粗鄙。此外,金斯伯格的诗没有道德上的崇高感。电影中的第二位证人Mark Schorer当时担任加州大学伯克利分校英语系的主任,他认为《嚎叫》说的是一群无着落的人那种四处徘徊的生存状态,其中包括性经验的刻画,而且诗人并不刻意区分异性还是同性之间的性经验。检察官McIntosh起诉的基本依据是诗中那些脏字的数量,他一再要求文学教授讲清楚诗的具体含义。Schorer回答很干脆,象普及文学常识一样,“诗歌没有办法一字一句翻译转换成日常语言。”

第三位出场的证人Luther Nichols是《旧金山纪事报》的文学评论家,他的观点与伯克利的教授比较接近,《嚎叫》描绘了一群流浪者在路上的那种生活经验,其中包括性经验。教授和评论家在词语的选择上都比金斯伯格来得缓和很多,他们用那些不容易引起联想的生理学术语,比如copulation。诗人用fucked in the ass。检察官追问诗中的个别描述是否涉及淫秽,评论家说那只能算猜测。言下之意,诗句不能作为定罪的事实依据。

我从来没有上过美国的文学批评课,这部电影倒是提供了一扇特殊的窗口。在诗朗诵和与之匹配的动画带来的视听享受以外,法庭上文学讨论覆盖的话题之全面也会给予观众格外不寻常的收获。第四位出场的证人、文学教授David Kirk的学术地位可能远远不及伯克利的那位系主任,架势却自命不凡得多。电影中有一段长达两分钟的讨论供Kirk教授阐述自己的看法,《嚎叫》没有文学价值,诗的主题固然清楚,但形式上模仿惠特曼的痕迹太重。

检察官问,“你记得是惠特曼的哪部作品?”

“《草叶》,这首诗叫《草叶》。”Kirk教授回答。

辩护律师质问,“你认为金斯伯格模仿惠特曼的风格?”

Kirk教授澄清道,“是《草叶》的形式,而不是风格。”

他认为伟大的文学作品应该创造出自己的形式,不能模仿。这段法庭对质的场景具备文学专业论文答辩的主要特征,大家讨论着原创与借鉴,借鉴与模仿、形式与风格之类的话题。

法官Horn因为这个案子恐怕需要读不少文学作品和文学理论,他最后的判决没有受到Kirk和文学女青年观点的影响。Horn认为《嚎叫》具有持续的社会意义,它不大可能让读者腐化堕落,不会刺激他们淫荡的念头或者好色的欲望,出版商“城市之光”书店无罪。此后,艾伦·金斯伯格成为文学明星、“垮掉的一代”的代表人物之一,到他1997年去世的时候,《嚎叫》卖出了80万本。正是因为这本书的成功,另一位“垮掉的一代”杰克 凯鲁亚克的《在路上》也得以出版。这两件作品对美国社会年轻一代的影响一直持续到今天,或许还能持续到非常遥远的未来。

 

 6 ) 每个人都是自己的道德法官和意见领袖

喜欢的传记题材。
整部电影甚至没有完整的故事情节做依托却依旧让人忍不住想要重看。
黑白场景是Allen当中朗诵的片段以及回忆的片段;
动画是诗中内容的形象化,虽然诗无达诂,这种诠释破坏了诗的感觉但插在电影中更方便了受众理解。
彩色场景在审判HOWL是否属于淫秽作品以及Allen受访。
黑白、动画、彩色你中有我,我中有你。
最后被法官的宣判词打动“生活并不能被一个模式化的框子所限制,不能要求人人一样,要求一个固定模式,没有人是相同的。我们都是从一样的结构中造出来的,但我们的形式不同……”
那些自己以为是把关者的人,又是谁赋予你们权利的?那些自以为是对他人生活指指点点的,有时谁赋予你们权利的?
让生活多一点真诚、理解和包容。

 短评

喜欢

7分钟前
  • Cheeeeeer@NL
  • 推荐

有几个镜头是....真.萌.

8分钟前
  • Y
  • 力荐

Holy the clocks in space, holy the fourth dimension; Holy the fifth International, holy the Angel in Moloch; Holy the sea, holy the desert, holy the railroad; Holy the locomotive, holy the visions, holy the hallucination. 动画做得还不错。

11分钟前
  • 69.DDC
  • 力荐

franco有突破但还不够好 创作很赞

14分钟前
  • saga
  • 力荐

有多少人是因为真正懂得金斯堡而不是腐或者喜欢JF才给这么高评价的?。。形式很像迷墙。结尾金斯堡的歌声打动我了

18分钟前
  • 彌張
  • 还行

杰克凯鲁亚克时代的挽歌

23分钟前
  • Spring Xu
  • 还行

I`m too old for literature……画面动画节奏都不错…付兰兰也不错…don也不错…到后面就没这么晦涩变得明亮起来了~

27分钟前
  • Sally?imdb9?9
  • 推荐

罗伯·爱泼斯坦导演去年上映的《嚎叫》流于表面,没把艾伦·金斯伯格拍出故事和性格,动画用得太多冗长蹩脚,看着无感。影片最大看点,其实是贯穿全片的法庭审判《嚎叫》这本书是否是淫秽物品过程中的争论激辩,什么叫法制,什么叫尊重艺术,想起贵国的肛腚肿菊、腥闻出版菊之类的,你会愤怒得咬紧牙关

28分钟前
  • 内陆飞鱼
  • 还行

Holy! Holy! Holy!

32分钟前
  • 洗狗
  • 力荐

2011-01-31 场景:采访/生活/法庭,媒介:彩片/黑白片/动画,配乐:爵士/钢琴/静默,台词:独白/诗歌/法庭陈词,角色:诗人/垮掉的一代/同性恋,背景:战后/工业化/民权运动……法庭辩论语言精彩,诗人部分却没擦出光彩;诗歌原本震撼的效果,动画视觉化后反被削弱。中规中矩。

35分钟前
  • 问津
  • 还行

某人你真得不适合朗读诗

40分钟前
  • 人淡如菊。无奈
  • 还行

Eric Drooker的插画动画化转换得果然出彩

42分钟前
  • S1UyuA
  • 力荐

诗朗诵MV

46分钟前
  • 桃桃林林
  • 还行

描述与表达之间的混乱。

50分钟前
  • 无非
  • 推荐

这不仅是一个伟大的同志宣言,更是一个伟大的自由宣言,每一句诗都针扎血肉,从头到尾的淋漓感动啊.....足以儞补JF直的要死的演技和无聊的法庭辩论~

51分钟前
  • 兮称
  • 力荐

倒觉得James Franco那种vulnerability, sensitivity, creativity表现的不错。明明形式化就是需要的。

54分钟前
  • 苏比
  • 推荐

let there be light.let there be honestly.let there be no running from non existent destroyers of morals.let there be honest understanding

57分钟前
  • 弗洛格
  • 推荐

James Franco一念诗我就肝疼

58分钟前
  • 吊在天花板上
  • 较差

比想象中好看 并且总让人想起the wall什么的 恩这个是james的配乐朗诵课

59分钟前
  • 鱼小默
  • 力荐

自由不会被任何事物掩盖,哪怕我们死于其中。

60分钟前
  • 萨嘎摩哆熊猫桑
  • 力荐